History of the IEA

The International Enneagram Association (IEA) was conceived at the first International Enneagram conference held at Stanford University in 1994 and celebrated its tenth anniversary in August of 2004. The International Enneagram Association is an outgrowth of the contemporary Enneagram movement that began with the seminal work of Oscar Ichazo in Bolivia as he developed the Enneagram from a primarily spiritual system into one that was also a personality typology.

While the Enneagram symbol has existed for thousands of years, it was not until the 1960s that Ichazo placed the descriptions of personality styles on the symbol. Some call him "The Father of the Enneagram." Below are the original names that Oscar assigned to the nine types.


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The study of the roles a man plays represents a very necessary part of self-knowledge.... To see the roles, to know ones repertoire, particularly to know its limitedness, is to know a great deal. - G. I. Gurdjieff

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